M3i

@article{baeza_garcia_involvement_2010,
title = {Involvement of the cytokine MIF in the snail host immune response to the parasite Schistosoma mansoni},
author = {Alvaro Baeza Garcia and Raymond J Pierce and Benjamin Gourbal and Elisabeth Werkmeister and Dominique Colinet and Jean-Marc Reichhart and Colette Dissous and Christine Coustau},
doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1001115},
issn = {1553-7374},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {PLoS Pathog.},
volume = {6},
number = {9},
pages = {e1001115},
abstract = {We have identified and characterized a Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) family member in the Lophotrochozoan invertebrate, Biomphalaria glabrata, the snail intermediate host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. In mammals, MIF is a widely expressed pleiotropic cytokine with potent pro-inflammatory properties that controls cell functions such as gene expression, proliferation or apoptosis. Here we show that the MIF protein from B. glabrata (BgMIF) is expressed in circulating immune defense cells (hemocytes) of the snail as well as in the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line that has hemocyte-like features. Recombinant BgMIF (rBgMIF) induced cell proliferation and inhibited NO-dependent p53-mediated apoptosis in Bge cells. Moreover, knock-down of BgMIF expression in Bge cells interfered with the in vitro encapsulation of S. mansoni sporocysts. Furthermore, the in vivo knock-down of BgMIF prevented the changes in circulating hemocyte populations that occur in response to an infection by S. mansoni miracidia and led to a significant increase in the parasite burden of the snails. These results provide the first functional evidence that a MIF ortholog is involved in an invertebrate immune response towards a parasitic infection and highlight the importance of cytokines in invertebrate-parasite interactions.},
keywords = {Amino Acid, Animals, Apoptosis, Biomphalaria, Blotting, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cricetinae, Cultured, Hemocytes, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Liver, M3i, Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors, messenger, Oocysts, Recombinant Proteins, reichhart, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosomiasis mansoni, Sequence Homology, Small Interfering, Western},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ferrandon_ubiquitin-proteasome:_2007b,
title = {Ubiquitin-proteasome: pallbearer carries the deceased to the grave},
author = {Dominique Ferrandon},
doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2007.10.003},
issn = {1074-7613},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-10-01},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {541--544},
abstract = {Phagocytosis is a complex process that involves multiple cellular functions. In this issue of Immunity, Silva et al. (2007) report that a protein ubiquitylation complex and the proteasome are required for the clearance of apoptotic cells in Drosophila.},
keywords = {*Models, Animals, Apoptosis, Apoptosis/*physiology, ferrandon, Immunological, M3i, Macrophages, Macrophages/immunology/metabolism, Models, Phagocytosis, Phagocytosis/*physiology, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*metabolism, ubiquitin, Ubiquitin/*metabolism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{royet_detection_2003,
title = {Detection of peptidoglycans by NOD proteins},
author = {Julien Royet and Jean-Marc Reichhart},
issn = {0962-8924},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-12-01},
journal = {Trends Cell Biol.},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {610--614},
abstract = {Mechanisms of innate immune defense are based on the recognition of invariant microbial molecular patterns by specific receptors, followed by the activation of signaling pathways and the expression of effector molecules that will defeat the invading microorganism. Two recent reports add to the growing list of these pattern-recognition receptors by showing that the intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) protein recognizes a diaminopimelate-containing muropeptide, a cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria.},
keywords = {Adaptor Proteins, Apoptosis, Carrier Proteins, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Humans, Immunity, Immunologic, Innate, M3i, Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein, Oligopeptides, peptidoglycan, Receptors, reichhart, Signal Transducing, Signal Transduction},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{christophides_immunity-related_2002,
title = {Immunity-related genes and gene families in Anopheles gambiae},
author = {George K Christophides and Evgeny Zdobnov and Carolina Barillas-Mury and Ewan Birney and Stephanie A Blandin and Claudia Blass and Paul T Brey and Frank H Collins and Alberto Danielli and George Dimopoulos and Charles Hetru and Ngo T Hoa and Jules A Hoffmann and Stefan M Kanzok and Ivica Letunic and Elena A Levashina and Thanasis G Loukeris and Gareth Lycett and Stephan Meister and Kristin Michel and Luis F Moita and Hans-Michael Müller and Mike A Osta and Susan M Paskewitz and Jean-Marc Reichhart and Andrey Rzhetsky and Laurent Troxler and Kenneth D Vernick and Dina Vlachou and Jennifer Volz and Christian von Mering and Jiannong Xu and Liangbiao Zheng and Peer Bork and Fotis C Kafatos},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364793},
doi = {10.1126/science.1077136},
issn = {1095-9203},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-10-01},
journal = {Science},
volume = {298},
number = {5591},
pages = {159--165},
abstract = {We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila melanogaster. Immune-related gene families involved in recognition, signal modulation, and effector systems show a marked deficit of orthologs and excessive gene expansions, possibly reflecting selection pressures from different pathogens encountered in these insects' very different life-styles. In contrast, the multifunctional Toll signal transduction pathway is substantially conserved, presumably because of counterselection for developmental stability. Representative expression profiles confirm that sequence diversification is accompanied by specific responses to different immune challenges. Alternative RNA splicing may also contribute to expansion of the immune repertoire.},
keywords = {Alternative Splicing, Animals, Anopheles, Apoptosis, bacteria, bioinformatic, blandin, Catechol Oxidase, Computational Biology, Enzyme Precursors, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Genetic, Genome, hoffmann, Immunity, Innate, Insect, Insect Proteins, M3i, Multigene Family, Peptides, Phylogeny, Plasmodium, Protein Structure, reichhart, Selection, Serine Endopeptidases, Serpins, Signal Transduction, Tertiary},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{georgel_drosophila_2001,
title = {Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) is a death domain protein that activates antibacterial defense and can promote apoptosis},
author = {Philippe Georgel and S Naitza and Christine Kappler and Dominique Ferrandon and Daniel Zachary and C Swimmer and C Kopczynski and G Duyk and Jean-Marc Reichhart and Jules A Hoffmann},
issn = {1534-5807},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-10-01},
journal = {Dev. Cell},
volume = {1},
number = {4},
pages = {503--514},
abstract = {We report the molecular characterization of the immune deficiency (imd) gene, which controls antibacterial defense in Drosophila. imd encodes a protein with a death domain similar to that of mammalian RIP (receptor interacting protein), a protein that plays a role in both NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis. We show that imd functions upstream of the DmIKK signalosome and the caspase DREDD in the control of antibacterial peptide genes. Strikingly, overexpression of imd leads to constitutive transcription of these genes and to apoptosis, and both effects are blocked by coexpression of the caspase inhibitor P35. We also show that imd is involved in the apoptotic response to UV irradiation. These data raise the possibility that antibacterial response and apoptosis share common control elements in Drosophila.},
keywords = {Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Apoptosis, Bacterial Infections, Caspases, Chromosome Mapping, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, DNA Damage, Female, ferrandon, Gene Expression, hoffmann, I-kappa B Kinase, Immunocompromised Host, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Insect Proteins, M3i, Male, Mutation, Phenotype, Protein Structure, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, reichhart, Tertiary},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}